LONEITUTE THIAN
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
Loneitu leh huan neitute thlai reng reng hi an thlai chi that leh that lohah a innghat tlat a. Thlai chi tiak tha thei lo tuh chuan thlai bikim a beisei phak lohva, chuvangin a thlai thar a hlawk thei lo. Thlai chi hlir lo, thlai dang chi nena inpawlh sawp tuhtu chuan hlir lo tak a seng bawk anga, a thlai thar quality chu a tha hauh lovang. Hnim chi nena inpawlh sawp thlai chi chingtu phei chuan ama lovah buaina a thlen mai a ni. Hnim chi pawlh thlai chingtute hian hlo thlawh manah an insengso a ni mai lova, hnimin a dip avang hian rannung an lo nghalin natna hri a lo tam phah bawk. Thlai chi hrisel lo chingtu phei chuan thlai seng tur an nei dawn em tih sawi theih a ni lo. Heng hre ran hian loneitute thlai thar a lo pun nan leh an thar hlawk deuh deuh nan thlai chi atanga uluk a tul a ni tih i hre phawt teh ang u.
Thingtlang lo neih hi mi zawng zawng hian kan iai ta niin a lang. A hna hi a hrehawm a, a hlawk viau bawk si lo hi a chhan a ni ber awm e. Kum tin maia a thara lo vah a, hal a, mangkhawh a, thlamsak a, engkim mai a bul atanga tan leh thin pawh hi a ninawm bawk a ni. Thlam châk, a chhuat, a bang leh a chungte kum tira kan pu chhuaka kum tawpa kan pu hawng leh thin pawh hi hrehawm ve tak a ni bawk. Thawk rim na na na chu hmel pawh a lo phuai deuh nen, lo pawhfuh leh buh thar tam kum anih loh chuan chhungkaw nu leh pa tan chuan rilru hi a buai phat phat fo reng a, iai thei erawh kan ni ngai lo, chaw kan nghei thei tlat lo, hnathawk tha peih lo deuh lah mi kamchhe tleuhna an ni mai bawk si
A hlawklohnate, a hahthlaknate hi hre theuh mah ila, a nawmna lam ngaihtuah chuan sawi sen loh kan hre lawi si ang. Thingtlang lo neih hlimawm zia, a dang tihtur kan hriat loh thin zia leh kan mamawh bawk si zia ngaihtuah hian sawi nep thei emaw awmze nei lova bansan mai chi kan nih lohzia hi ngaihtuah nawn fo a tha. Kan sawi fo thin angin India ram leh Mizoram-ah pawh mipui zaa 70 hi lo neih a innghat kan ni kan ti fova, hetianga eizawnna pawimawh hi sawichhia emaw iai thei kan ni lova, hmasawnna tur emaw tih dan tha zawk erawh chu kan ngaihtuah anga kan ngaihtuah chhuak ngei tur a ni.
Kum tina a thara lo vat a, hala kumtluana thlawhfai a, kum tawpa bansana a thar bawk a kumthara tih leh thin hian ram a tibua, erosion (leilung luang ral) a ti tam, khua a ti lum, nungcha kan dang chep tiin a that lohna hlir kan sawi a, a iaiawm zawng hlirin thingtlang lo neih hi kan sawi thin. Tihtur dang hre bawk silovin kan han iai ta hi a buaithlakin lu a ti hai ta. Loneitu kan tam tial tial a, a nei pawhin kan nei zim tial tial a, thlam te reuh te te kan sa a, a inhnaih em em mai bawk si. A vur kum engang pawh nise engmah dawhthla lo tur leh engtham mah dawhthla lo tur kan tam em em. Hetih lai hian hlothlawh a awl em em mai a, tun hma aiin buhte hi a thar hlawk em em zawk bawk niin loneitute chuan an sawi lawi si.
Mi engemaw zatin taima leh chhel takin huan-lo ram nghet nei turin tan an la a, an entawn tlak hle mai. Mi tam takin kan awt a, kan tive a, kan hmanhmawh luat vang nge kan taima tawk lo nge, kan hlawhtling thei lo. Dawnthleng ngai renga sawrkar tanpuina dawhthla reng mai hmasawn thei silo pawh kan tam. Chutiang chuan tih tak zeta thingtlang lo neih aiin ram a tibuain nungcha a dangchep nasa zawk awm e. Mipui kan pung tial tial a, ram a pungin a thang silo, kan neih ang chhun hi theih tawp chhuahin kan enkawl anga chawbelah kan siam tur a ni reng a ni.
Thingtlang lo neih kan in iai hmuh leh kan in sawichhiat hmuh ringawt mai hi a pawi hle mai. In kawhhmuh tur tha zawk kan nei si lo. Kan buai a ni. Huan lo ram nghet nei tura bul tan nan pawh tlangramah chuan vah phawta hal hi a ngai tih hriat a tha. Hmun rem deuh leh tui thatnaah chuan terrace te pawh laiin leiletah kan siam thei reng a, mahse, zoramah hian hmun hma rem leh tui thatna kan ngahlo kher mai. Thil pawi tak chu thingtlang lo neih chauh iai lova kut hnathawh mi tam takin kan iai ta hi a ni. Leilet tha pui pui nei pawhin kan enkawl peih ta lo. Enkawl tih hian a thawktu nih pawh a kawk a, thawktu ni lem lova manager nih pawh a kawk tho. Leilet neih ngawt emaw khawimaw laia ram neih thliah thluahte hi enkawl loh chuan rah a chhuah lova, nei ve lo nen kan inang reng. Nei chuan tha takin enkawl ila, hlawk takin kan hmang tur a ni. Kum khatah tum khat thlai kan thar chuan chhawngkhat neiah emaw hmun khata neiah in ngai ila, tum hnih thlai kan thar chuan chhawnghnih emaw hmun hniha neiah, chutiang zel chuan rilru kan siam tur a ni.
ENGTIN NGE THINGTLANG LO NEIH KAN TIHHMASAWN ANG
1. Mahni enkawl zawh tawk kan nei ang.
Lo kan pawh fuhin kan lawm hle a ni mai thei, a thawktu tur hre rengin kan inbuatsaih tur a ni. Hneh mang silova zau tak, mahni enkawl sen mang loh neih ai chuan zim deuh zawk hneh taka enkawl hi a finthlak a, a hlawkin a hahdam thlak bawk.
2. A hun taka engkim tih
A hun takah lo kan vat anga, a hun takah kan hal anga, a hun takah thlai kan ching anga, a hun takah hlo thlo lehin fai takin lo kan enkawl tur a ni. A hun taka thil ti zel thei turin hmanrua leh mamawh kan indap lawk vek thin tur a ni. Nu cheng vawng, pa cheng vawng nih tur.
3. Thlai chin tur thlan thiam:
Thlai chin leh enkawl danah zirtur tam tak a awm lain kan thiam viau thova. Pawimawh tak chu eng thlai nge kan mamawha kan chin ang tihte; kan lo a zim emaw a zau emaw thlai chi hrang 20 chuang zet kan ching thin te pawh hi ngaihtuah chian a ngai. Kan chin tam ang hian kan intodelh chuang lo. A indip a, a intihlawk lo tawn mai mai zawk. Chuvangin thlai 2-3 vel chauh ching ila, chu pawh chu hmun bik neiin ching ila a tha. Kan neih chi chu ngah deuh theih anih chuan ngah deuh mai ila, hralh khawp kan neih leh thil dang kan mamawh zawngah kan chantir thei zawk ang.
A hralhna lam ngaihtuah pawhin thlai thlan fuh thiam a tul hle. Kan tih zawng chu a khua, a tlang dung emaw a bial pum pum a chin nise, buaipui tham, mi hriat leh pan tham a kan chin a tha. Chutilova kahpah tak taka chin hian thain lo thar tam deuh pawh nila, a duh tan pan buai a ngaiin a harsa thin.
4. Thlai chi tha chin :
Thingtlang lo pawh nise, thlai chi tha ngei kan ching tur a ni. Kan thlai chite chu a tiak tha thei ngei tih kan chian hmasa tur a ni a, thlai thar hlawk chi kan ching ngei ngei tur a ni bawk. Chumi awmzia chu eng thlai pawh ching ila, a thar hlawk bik a awm zel vang a ni. Thlai chi hrisel a ni tur a ni a, a ngêt emaw rannung tui awmna emaw hmuarin a bawmte an ni tur a ni lo. Midang hnen atangin thlai chi kan la anih pawhin kan thlai chi lak chanchin kan hre chiang tur a ni a, kan fimkhur hle tur a ni. Company siam thlai chi kan chin dawn pawn company tha leh rintlak atanga lei emaw lak tur a ni. Mahniin thlai chi kan khawl a, kan intodelh thei a nih pawhin kan dahthat dawnin kan phoro tha tur a ni a, a dahnaah pawh kan duhtui hle tur a ni. Thlai chi hlir tha tak chauh kan ching tur a ni bawk.
5. Tlar leh bi mumal neia thlai chin :
Thlaite hi a theih hram chuan tlar mumal tak neia chin a tha. A tlar leh a tlar inkar pawh a mumal tur a ni a, a tlarah pawh a bi mumal takin, a inhlat dan pawh inang tak ni sela. Hetia kan chin chuan a bi alo kim anga, thlai a thar hlawk duh, chubakah hlothlawhte, leitha pekte, a venhim hna thawhte a awl bik em em a ni. Tlangram lo a ni a, a tlarte hi mual dung zui zawng ni lovin, mual dung tan zawnga rem tur a ni. Hei hian leiluang ral nasa tur pawh ven theih chin a nei.
Source : Lalthanzuala
MSc.(Ag) ,Agro, PG Dip.Agmark
Thlai chin dan
Department of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry)
Mizoram
Page No : 157- 163
First Edition-2011
6. Leitha pek :
Leitha, fertilizer a ni emaw hnim hnah tawih leh ran zun-ek leitha a ni emaw pek thin tur a ni. Ran zun-ek leitha leh hnim hnah tawihte hi chu a harsa deuh mai thei, mahse, fertilizer hi chu kan pe ngei tur a ni. A kungin a than that phahin a hrisel phah a, a peng a tam phahin a rah pawh a tam duh a, a rah pawhin a len phah bawk. Thingtlang lova fertilizer pe, a pek dan tawk dik tak a pe ten a that zia an hre hle. Khawpui dai vela leipui leh huan nei leithaa an thlai chawm thin an zawng chhang zel. A pek zat tur erawh chu zira hriat a tha. Leithate hi khawro laia pe lovin, lei hnawn laia pek tum hram a tha. Thlai bulah thlai zung ei phaka pek tur, theh erawhchu theh hauh loh tur. Thlai aiin hnimin an thatpui zawk ang tih a hlauhawm.
Fertilizer Zorama lar zual leh pek turte chu Urea, SSP, DAP leh MOP te an ni. An thawh dan leh pek chhan a inang lo.
7. Hlo thlawh :
Hlo hi ngun tak leh fai taka thlawh tur a ni. Hlo hian leitha, tui, nieng leh boruak tha a mamawh vet tho avangin thlai tan an hnawksak hle a, thlawhfai a ngai a ni. A tlangpui thuin thlai tiak tir leh naupang lamin hnim dip an chhiatpui nasa zual. Chuvangin thlai tiak hlim ni 30-40 vel hian hnim dip an haw zual tih hria ila.
Hnim hian thlai a dipin chaw leh thil dang a chuhpui vanga hnawk mai a nilova, thlai hmuna hnim chu thlai tichhe thin rannungin an zuam a, tawm bukah an hmanga thlai an tichhhe thin a, natna pawh an vei duh bik a, thlaiin a thar hlawk loh phahin a chhiat phah thin bawk.
Kuta tuthlawh hmanga uluk taka hlothlawh hi thlaiin a ngeih ber, mahse a hautak a, hlawhfa lak ngai anih phei chuan a senso thlakin duh hunah hlawhfa an awm lo thei bawk. Chuvangin hlo tûr hman nachang kan hre tur a ni. A tangkaiin hlo tûr hman hi a sawt a, a tlawm bawk. Amaherawhchu, hlo hnahbial thahnate, hnahtung leh phul lam thahna te, hlo tiah hma a hman chi leh hlo tiah hnua hman chite a awm hrang vek tih hria ila fimkhur takin kan hmang tur a ni. Chutilo chu a thlai chawpin kan kap hlum vek ang tih hlauhawm.
Hei vang hian buh hmunah thlai hnah bial emaw hnah hlai antam, fanghma, mai leh adangte kan ching thei lovang. Vaimim erawh chu hnawk lovin kan ching thei ang. Hlo hnahbial thah nan 2, 4D te MCPA te hlo tiah hnuah hman tur a ni. Hlo tiah hmain hlo hnahbial leh hnahtung thah nan Butachlor te hmang ila a tha. A kahna tur chawhpawlh dan tawk dik tak pawh hriat a tha. A tak lutuk a hlauhawm a, a hek thlawn bawk a; a dal lutuk lah hnimin an huat loh bakah tha thlawn leh sum sen thlawnna a ni a, hnimin a haw lo mai nilovin 2, 4D te phei chu a ngeih zawk thei. Ruahin a tlen zui mai tura kah loh bawk tur.
8. Thlai ven him :
Thlai tichhia a tihlawk lo emaw thar nei miah lo khawpa siam thei hmelma engemaw zat a awm. Hnim, rannung (insects), sava, sazu, natna hri leh thildang pawh a la awm. A hun takah heng tichhetu lakah hian kan veng tur a ni. Tlai luat a pawi fo, Agriculture Department-in report kan dawn hi a tlai lutuk fo; chuvangin kan thlaite hi kan chik tur a ni a, a hun takah kan che tur a ni
Thlai hmun a fai tha tur a ni a, thlai ven himna tur (pesticides) kan hmang tur a ni ang. Hman tur dik leh chawhpawlh tawk hre turin mithiam rawn leh lehkhabu chhiar nachang kan hre tur a ni bawk. Tûra thlai kan kah hnuah chawlhkar hnih khat tal kan nghak anga thlai kan la ang, chutilo chu a him lova, a hlauhawm bawk. Tûr kan eitel ve tho tih hriat a tha. Nitina thlai seng theih emaw seng hun zung zung te chu kan la hmasa phawt anga tûrin kan kap ang. Malathion te, Cypermethrin te hi chutiang chawhmeh thlai kahna chi chu a ni
9. Chul rih :
Chul rih hi kan ti fo tho nain ram duhkhawp kan neih loh avangte, lovah kumtin leh ramkang pumpelh turte, kum hnih thlai chin a rem vangte, thlam saksa rin tur a awm avangte leh a hlawkna kawng dang dang avangin kan uar deuh deuh a tha. Leitha a thlai chawm pawh a rem bik. Fertilizer leithaa thlai chawm hi a hlauhawm lo tih hria ila, pek dan tawk erawh kan zir thiam a ngai. Leitha nen kan tan phei chuan chul rih hi a hlawk. Kan thlai sengna pawl leh thlai bul leh adangte thlai bulah a chawm nan kan pe bawk tur a ni.
10. East leh West Khasi Hills a an tih dan :
East leh West Khasi Hills a an tih dan, thingkung puitling zawng zawng kita hal vek lovin an thlawh fai a, thingzar thlak ngaite thlakin lovah an nei thin a. Hei pawh hi tih veah a tha riau ang. Miin tih tlak leh tihdana an neih miau avangin enchhina zir ve pawh a tha. Sawhthing phei chuan hetia chin hi a ngeih mah mah emaw tih tur niin Khawlailung loneituten an sawi.
Mizoramah pawhAgriculture Department-in ringthara changkham an zir a, hei pawh hi lei luangral lutuk tur ven nan engemaw chen chu a tangkai. Tih dan tha apiang kan zir belh pah zel ang.
Lo vah hian uluk takin kan vat anga, perhte te, thingbulte pawh a bul thei angberah kan sat tur a ni a, thinglian deuh te chu kit lova a lo chawrlehin ram a tih that leh theihna turin thlaka zuah tur a ni bawk.
11. A hun taka thlai seng leh dah that :
Kan thlai chin te chu a hun dik takah kan seng tur a ni. Seng hma lutuk leh sengtlai lutuk a hlawk lova, a hnu zelah pawh thil thalo zawk a awm duh.
Eitur a ni emaw a chi tur a ni emaw ro tha takin kan phoro phawt anga, kan dah tha tur a ni. Phoro that loh hian dahthatnaah a ngêt duh a, a hmuarin a quality a tichhe thin. A chi atan phei chuan a hman tlak loh thei a, ei tur anih pawhin a tui loh phah thin. Phoro that loh chuan buhphu pawh atam duh a, a uk/ung duh bawk. Chutiang bawkin thlai dang pawh a ni thei vek.
Phoro nan hian nisa a pho chite, daihlima dah chite, A dah rei zawngte pawh hriat a ngai. Thlai chi hi eitur aiin phoro that a ngai bik bawk
Kan thlai thar phoro sate chu chhek inah emaw kudamah uluk takin kan dah tha tur a ni. A chung leh a bangte a phuiin a hul tha tur a ni. Hei pawh kan thlai chin leh a dah a zirin a in ang lovang. Cement chhuat emaw lei chhuat a dah hi a that loh avangin dawhkan san emaw thingphel phah chungah emaw remchang dang siam tur a ni.
A tawp berah chuan loneituten rilru tak tak puin lo kan nei tur a ni. Thingtlang lo neih ramtihkanna ni bera kan sawi pawh hi kan fimkhur loh vang leh ramkang kan pawisak loh vang mai zawk a ni. Lo hal avanga ram kang aiin thildang vanga kang leh hal luih vanga kang a nasa zawk mai thei. Lo hal hun sawrkarin a siam March 15 hi zawm ngei a tha a, meilam (meikawng) pawh kan sat uluk anga, ramkang leh meichhuak pawh tih tak zetin kan thelh tur a ni, kan inthlahdah tur a ni lo.
Conklin-a chuan kum 1975 khan ti hian thingtlang lo neih a lo sawifiah a. “Shifting Cultivation implies an aimless, unplanned, nomadic movement or an abrupt change in location, either of which may refer to the cropping areas, the agriculturists, or both. Aside from being ambiguous and in many cases inaccurate, these implications do not focus attention on the two most widely shared characteristic of these various system; firing and fallowing”.
Kum 1961 a lo thlen chuan amah vek hian tiang hian a sawi leh thung a. “Any agricultural system in which fields are cleared by firing and are cropped discontinuously”.
THINGTLANG LO, BUH HMUNA FERTILIZER PEK DAN TUR
1. Square meter 1-ah buh bi 25 awm se.
2. Acre 1 (Square meter 4,000) ah 1,00,000.
3. Hectare 1 (Square meter 10,000) ah 2,50,000. (}in 2 1⁄2 hmun)
4. Hectare 1 a 50 kgs N (Nitrogen), 25 kgs P2 O5 (Phosphorus), 25 kgs
K2O (Potash) pr tur anga hisapin heng fertilizer hi pek tur a ni..
1) DAP 54 kgs
2) Urea 88 kgs
3) MOP 42 kgs
5. Acre 1 (Buh tin 1 hmun atan )
1) DAP 22 kgs
2) Urea 35 kgs
3) MOP 17 kgs
6. A pek dan tur :
1. DAP 54 kgs, Urea 34 kgs leh MOP 42 kgs te hi chawhpawlha buh kung bulah hnuh lak rual emaw, hnuh hram thlawh tirh lamah emaw pek tur.
2. Buh bi khatah hian thirfiante huiha pek tur a ni a, buh bi chhak lam, a bul set ni lovah pek nise.
3. Urea 54 kgs la awm hi hmun hnihah (27 kgs ve ve) then a, buh bulah bawk, buh pen dawn leh a vuih (par) laiin pek tur. Hei hi a peng tipung tur leh a vuih laia buhin boruak atanga chaw a siam kawngah a pui a, a hmin a titha a ni. A hnuhnung ber chu theh mai a tha zawk thei, a chhan chu buh tulzum leh vui tan hi dim a ngaih vang a ni.
4. Fertilizer pek dawn hian fimkhur a tha. Lei ro laia pek a tha lova, a huh lutuk tur a ni bawk lo. Chuvangin a tawk chauhva lei a hnawn laia pek tum hram tur.
5. Buh tin khat hmun (Acre 1) atan chuan a tirah DAP 22 kgs, Urea 13 kgs leh MOP 17 kgs pawlha pek tur a ni a, Urea 22 kgs la awm chu hmun hnihah 11 kgs ve ve-a then a ngai a, a chunga pek dan (3)-naa sawi ang khian pek tur a ni.
